Leptospirosis in Dogs: What It Is and Why Vaccination Matters
- Grand Haven Animal Hospital
- 1 day ago
- 3 min read
As pet parents, we all want to protect our furry companions from harm — and that includes shielding them from dangerous diseases like leptospirosis. While not as commonly discussed as parvovirus or rabies, leptospirosis is a serious, potentially life-threatening illness that affects both animals and humans.
In this blog, we’ll explore what leptospirosis is, how dogs get infected, the symptoms to watch out for, and — most importantly — why vaccinating your dog is a crucial step in prevention.
What Is Leptospirosis?
Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection caused by Leptospira bacteria. These bacteria thrive in warm, moist environments and are most commonly found in stagnant water, such as puddles, ponds, and lakes. Dogs can become infected when they come into contact with water, soil, or even urine from infected animals — especially wildlife like rats, raccoons, or deer.
The disease is zoonotic, which means it can also be transmitted to humans, making it a public health concern as well as a veterinary one.
How Dogs Get Infected
Dogs can contract leptospirosis in several ways:
Drinking or swimming in contaminated water
Licking or walking through infected soil
Coming into contact with the urine of infected animals
Through bites or scratches from an infected animal (less common)
Even urban dogs are at risk — city wildlife like rats and raccoons can carry the bacteria, and contaminated water sources can be found even in parks or backyards.
Symptoms of Leptospirosis in Dogs
Leptospirosis can vary in severity. Some dogs show mild or no symptoms, while others can become gravely ill. Signs to watch for include:
Fever and lethargy
Vomiting or diarrhea
Loss of appetite
Muscle pain or stiffness
Jaundice (yellowing of the eyes or skin)
Increased thirst and urination
Kidney or liver failure in severe cases
Early detection is crucial, but prevention is always better than treatment — especially since leptospirosis can progress quickly.
Why Vaccinating Against Leptospirosis Is So Important
1. It’s Preventable
The leptospirosis vaccine is an effective way to protect your dog from infection. Most modern canine vaccines cover multiple strains of the bacteria, significantly reducing the risk of illness.
2. It Protects Humans, Too
Because leptospirosis can be passed from pets to people, vaccinating your dog doesn’t just safeguard them — it helps protect you and your family.
3. It Can Be Deadly Without Treatment
Leptospirosis can cause irreversible damage to a dog’s liver and kidneys and, in some cases, lead to death. Treatment often requires hospitalization and aggressive supportive care.
4. Lepto Is Found Right Here in West Michigan
You don’t have to travel far to be at risk. We see cases of leptospirosis throughout our region, particularly in dogs who spend time outdoors, hike, hunt, or even just walk near areas with wildlife activity.
When Should Dogs Be Vaccinated?
Most veterinarians recommend the leptospirosis vaccine as part of your dog’s annual vaccinations, especially if they spend time outdoors, around water, or in areas with wildlife.
Puppies usually receive their first leptospirosis vaccine around 12 weeks of age, followed by a booster 2-4 weeks later. After that, it's given yearly.
Final Thoughts
Leptospirosis is a dangerous but preventable disease. Vaccinating your dog is a simple and effective way to protect them — and your household — from a potentially serious illness.
If you’re unsure whether your dog is vaccinated against leptospirosis or if the vaccine is right for their lifestyle, talk to your veterinarian. It's a small step that could save your dog’s life.
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